Middletown Springs is a town in Rutland County, of the Rutland-Killington region, created by taking acreage from Tinmouth, Wells, Poultney and Ira.

Joseph Spaulding was the surveyor for the property lines and town boundaries. The people were so pleased with his work that they allowed him to choose the name for the new town. Because he was originally from Middletown, Connecticut, and because the town had been born from 4 others (in fact the "middle town"), he chose to name it "Middletown."

A village in Middletown was named after the mineral springs on the bank of the Poultney River. When the post office was established at the village in 1808, it was given just Middletown for a name, but because the springs were so popular, it was renamed Middletown Springs in 1875. In 1884, the legislature officially changed the name of the entire town to match that of the village.

A notable person from the area is Walter W. Granger (1872–1941), an American vertebrate paleontologist who participated in important fossil explorations in the United States, Egypt, China and Mongolia.